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Software-Defined Networking is defined by “ the decoupling of control and packet-forwarding planes in the network ”. TRADITIONAL NETWORK The static architecture of traditional networks is Decentralized Complex Hardware-based LIMITATIONS OF TRADITIONAL NETWORK Only dedicated devices can be used Devices built for this sole purpose are only used Flexibility is a challenge Adaptability of the network is limited Inability to scale It is difficult to add or remove devices in the network Vendor lock-in The devices manufacture by a single manufacturer should be used throughout the network SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORK  The networks are directly connected to applications through application programming interfaces (APIs)  It improves application performance and security It helps in creating a flexible, dynamic network architecture that can be changed as needed SDN ARCHITECTURE CONTROL PLANE The control plane is fre...

COMMUNICATION IN THE NETWORK Data can be transferred in a network using the following methods: [ Hint: Use xterm to access separate CLI for hosts ] [ Ex: xterm h1 h2 ] 1. Using SimpleHTTPServer and wget : SimpleHTTPServer is a python based server application for hosting the files in a system to anyone with the system's IP address. wget is used to obtain the file from the server. This results in obtaining a default file 'index.html' from the server. To run a server: python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80 & To run a client: wget -o - [server_ip] Server started: File has been accessed and stored on the client-side: Acknowledgment sent to the server: Thus a file is being transferred between the hosts. 2. Using iperf Iperf is a widely used tool for network performance measurement and tuning. It helps in transferring actual data between the hosts. It can transfer data in two ways: TCP transfer Server: iperf -s Client: iperf -c [s...

What to do when an exception caught error pops up in mininet? 1. If mininet crashes for some reason, the application runs a clean up once being run again. 2. If that does not work, we can run clean up manually using Command: The result is as follows: